A study on the role of PFAS as enablers in the competitiveness of European industry was commissioned last year by the ITRE Committee and conducted by the consultant RPA. It was published in late December 2025 as a research briefing, as to this day the PFAS restriction proposal process is still ongoing at ECHA level. It covers multiple strategic sectors, from aerospace to defense, and including green energy and clean technology.

In the case of heat pumps, the study acknowledged that while alternatives to fluorinated gases (F-gases) exist, they are not yet universal and more research and development is needed. Substitution potential of refrigerants varies depending on specific applications, and present challenges due to efficiency, safety and necessary redesigns. The conclusion of the study is to exclude F-gases from the scope of the restriction proposal and regulate them instead under the existing framework of the F-gas Regulation. As pointed out, “this will foster the development of alternatives where possible in a more gradual way, while still ensuring that the EU and EEA retain the capacity to innovate in green technologies”.

Fluoropolymers are highlighted as key components: a ban could “weaken EU innovation and competitiveness and hinder delivery of EU Green deal and Fit-for-55 objectives”.

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